Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami. Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami, 27. pp. 2902-2911. ISSN 1319-562X (2020)
Abstract
The present study focused on the evaluation of phytochemical properties, essential mineral elements, and
heavy metals contained in raw propolis produced by stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona
itama, and Tetrigona binghami found in the same ecological conditions and environment in Brunei
Darussalam. The results indicated that propolis of the three stingless bee species mainly consisted of
lipids (45.60–47.86%) and very low carbohydrate (0.17–0.48%) and protein contents (0.18–1.18%). The
propolis was rich in mineral elements, thus good sources of minerals, while they contained low concentrations of all heavy metals. Propolis of the different bee species could be distinguished based on their
mineral compositions. The vibrational and absorption spectra suggested that propolis contains pconjugated aliphatic and aromatic compounds as well as aromatic acids having amine, ester, carbonyl,
alkyl, and hydroxyl functional groups which might be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the propolis, based on radical scavenging activity of their
ethanol extract, was in line with their total phenolic content. The ethanol extract of the propolis also showed antimicrobial activities against four bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The propolis showed slightly higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus) bacteria, indicating that the antimicrobial active compounds could be associated with flavonoids, which were quantified to be approximately comparable in all the propolis
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Stingless bee propolis, Phytochemicals, Mineral elements, Antioxidant, Antibacterial |
| Taxonomy: | By Niche > Kelulut (Stingless Bee) > Breeding By Niche > Kelulut (Stingless Bee) > Ecology By Niche > Kelulut (Stingless Bee) > Research |
| Local Content Hub: | Niche > Kelulut (Stingless Bee) |
| Depositing User: | Ayuzawahie Amran |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Mar 2025 04:12 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Mar 2025 04:12 |
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